TOUGH4 User Manual
  • Quick Entry to Keywords for Data Input
  • 1️⃣INTRODUCTION
    • About TOUGH
    • TOUGH Development History
    • TOUGH4 Implementation
    • Scope and Methodology
  • 2️⃣WHAT IS NEW IN TOUGH4
  • 3️⃣CODE COMPILATION AND INSTALLATION
    • Setup for Compilation
    • Code Compilation
      • 1. Compilation of TOUGH4 using Visual Studio
      • 2. Compilation of TOUGH4 on Linux-like platform
    • Installation
    • Running the Executable for Simulations
  • 4️⃣GOVERNING EQUATIONS
    • Mass-Balance Equation
    • Accumulation Terms
    • Flux Terms
    • Sink and Source Terms
    • Virtual Node Well Treatment
    • Semi-Analytical Conductive Heat Exchange
    • Drift Model
    • Non-Darcy Flow
  • 5️⃣NUMERICAL METHOD
    • Space and Time Discretization
    • Interface Weighting Schemes
    • Initial and Boundary Conditions
      • Initial Conditions and Restarting
      • Neumann Boundary Conditions
      • Dirichlet Boundary Conditions
      • Atmospheric Boundary Conditions
      • Constant Temperature Boundary Conditions
    • Parallel computing schemes
    • Linear Solvers
    • Python Functions
      • Relative Permeability
      • Capillary Pressure
      • Initial Condition Calculation
      • Fetching Output Data
      • Fetching Thermophysical Property Data From NIST Webbook
      • Coupling With Third-Party Software
  • 6️⃣SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE
    • Program Design
    • Data Structure
    • Linear Equation Setup
  • 7️⃣PROCESS MODELING
    • EOS1
    • EOS2
    • EOS3
    • EOS4
    • EOS6
    • EOS7
    • EOS9
    • ECO2
    • EWASG
    • TMVOC
    • Tracers/Decay Chain
    • Biodegradation Reaction
    • Wellbore Flow
    • Non-Darcy Flow
    • Enhanced Coal Bed Methane
  • 8️⃣PREPARATION OF MODEL INPUT
    • Input Formatting
    • Keywords and Input Data
      • TITLE
      • BIODG
      • CBMDA
      • CHEMP
      • COFT
      • CONNE
      • COUPL
      • DIFFU
      • ELEME
      • ENDCY
      • ENDFI
      • FLAC
      • FNIST
      • FOFT
      • FORCH
      • GASES
      • GENER
      • GOFT
      • HYSTE
      • INCON
      • INDOM
      • MESHM
      • MODDE
      • MOMOP
      • MULTI
      • OUTPU
      • PARAM
      • ROCKS
      • ROFT
      • RPCAP
      • SELEC
      • SOLVR
      • SPAVA
      • TIMBC
      • TIMES
      • TRACR
      • WELLB
    • Inputs for Initial Conditions
      • EOS1
      • EOS2
      • EOS3
      • EOS4
      • EOS6
      • EOS7
      • EOS9
      • ECO2
      • EWASG
      • TMVOC
    • Geometry Data
      • General Concepts
      • MESHMaker
      • Multiple-continuum processing
    • Inputs for MESHMaker
      • Generation of radially symmetric grids
        • RADII
        • EQUID
        • LOGAR
        • LAYER
      • Generation of rectilinear grids
      • MINC processing for fractured media
    • Adjustment of Computing Parameters at Run-time
  • 9️⃣OUTPUTS
  • 🔟VALIDATION AND APPLICATION EXAMPLES
    • EOS1
      • Problem 1 - Code Demonstration
      • Problem 2 - Heat Sweep in a Vertical Fracture (rvf)
      • Problem 3 - Five-spot Geothermal Production/Injection (rfp)
      • Problem 4 - Coupled Wellbore Flow (r1q)
      • Problem 5 - Five-Spot Geothermal Production/Injection under extremely high temperature
    • EOS2
      • Problem 1 -Five-spot Geothermal Production/Injection (rfp)
    • EOS3
      • Problem 1 - Code Demonstration (eos3p1)
      • Problem 2 - 1D TH Problem with Heating and Gas Source (by Guanlong Guo)
      • Problem 3 - Heat Pipe in Cylindrical Geometry (rhp)
      • Problem 4 - 3D Thermal Consolidation Test, Coupling with FLAC3D Simulator (by Guanlong Guo)
    • EOS4
      • Problem 1 - Code Demonstration (eos4p1)
      • Problem 2 - Heat Pipe in Cylindrical Geometry (rhp)
    • EOS6
      • Problem 1-Validation with EOS2
      • Problem 2-Noble Gas Transport
    • EOS7
      • Problem 1-Multiphase and Nonisothermal Processes in a System with Variable Salinity (rf1)
      • Problem 2-Thermal and Tracer Diffusion (EOS7R/rdif7)
      • Problem 3-Contamination of an Aquifer from VOC Vapors in the Vadose Zone (EOS7R/rdica)
      • Problem 4-Density, Viscosity, Solubility, and Enthalpy of Real Gas Mixtures (EOS7C/SAM7C1)
      • Problem 5-CO2 Injection into a Depleted Gas Reservoir (EOS7C2/SAM7C2)
      • Problem 6- CO2 Injection into a Saturated System (EOS7C/SAM7C3)
      • Problem 7-Density, Viscosity, and Enthalpy of Real Gas Mixtures (EOS7CA/SAM7CA1)
      • Problem 8-CO2 Injection into a Shallow Vadose Zone (EOS7CA/SAM7CA2)
      • Problem 9-Non-Isothermal Compressed Air Energy Storage in Reservoir (by Julien Mouli-Castillo)
    • EOS9
      • Page 1
    • ECO2
      • Problem 1-Demonstration of Initialization Options (ECO2N/rtab)
      • Problem 2-Radial Flow from a CO2 Injection Well (ECO2N/rcc3)
      • Problem 3-CO2 Discharge Along a Fault Zone (ECO2N/r1dv)
      • Problem 4-CO2 Injection into a 2-D Layered Brine Formation (ECO2N/rtp7)
      • Problem 5-Upflow of CO2 along a Deep Fault Zone (ECO2M/r1d)
      • Problem 6-Migration of a CO2 Plume in a Sloping Aquifer, Intersected by a Fault (ECO2M/rwaf)
      • Problem 7-GCS/GHE with a double-porosity reservoir (Case6_50kg_DP/ECO2NV2)
    • EWASG
      • Problem 1 - Brine Density Calculation (dnh)
      • Problem 2 - Production from a Geothermal Reservoir with Hypersaline Brine and CO2 (rhbc)
    • TMVOC
      • Problem 1-Initialization of Different Phase Conditions (r7c)
      • Problem 2-1-D Buckley-Leverett Flow (rblm)
      • Problem 3-Diffusion of components (rdif2)
      • Problem 4-Steam Displacement of a NAPL in a Laboratory Column (rtcem)
      • Problem 5-Steam Displacement of a Benzene-Toluene Mixture in a Laboratory Column (rbt)
      • Problem 6 -Air Displacement of a NAPL from a Laboratory Column (rad)
      • Problem 7-NAPL Spill in the Unsaturated Zone (r2dl)
    • T4.Well
      • Problem 1-Steady-state two-phase flow upward
      • Problem 2-Non-isothermal CO2 flow through a wellbore initially full of water
  • CONCLUSION REMARKS
  • REFERENCES
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • Appendix
    • ☑️A: RELATIVE PERMEABILITY FUNCTIONS
      • IRP=1 Linear function
      • IRP=2 Power function
      • IRP=3 Corey's curves
      • IRP=4 Grant's curve
      • IRP=5 Perfectly mobile
      • IRP=6 Fatt and Klikoff function
      • IRP=7 van Genuchten-Mualem Model
      • IRP=8 Verma function
      • IRP=10 Modified Brooks-Corey Model
      • IRP=11 Modified van Genuchten Model
      • IRP=12 Regular hysteresis
      • IRP=13 Simple hysteresis
      • IRP=31 Three phase perfectly mobile
      • IRP=32 Modified Stone's first 3-phase method
      • IRP=33 Three-phase Parker's function
      • IRP=34 Alternative Stone 3-phase
      • IRP=35 Power-law function
      • IRP=36 Faust for two-phase Buckley-Leverett problem
      • IRP=37 Another alternative to Stone function
      • IRP=40 Table lookup
      • IRP=41 User-Defined relative permeability function
    • ☑️B: CAPILLARY PRESSURE FUNCTIONS
      • ICP=1 Linear function
      • ICP=2 Function of Pickens
      • ICP=3 TRUST capillary pressure
      • ICP=4 Milly’s function
      • ICP=6 Leverett’s function
      • ICP=7 van Genuchten function
      • ICP=8 No capillary pressure
      • ICP=10 Modified Brooks-Corey Model
      • ICP=11 Modified van Genuchten Model
      • ICP=12 Regular hysteresis
      • ICP=13 Simple hysteresis
      • ICP=31 Parker et al 3-phase function
      • ICP=32 Parker 3-phase function, alternative 1
      • ICP=33 Parker 3-phase function, alternative 2
      • ICP=34 Parker 3-phase function, alternative 3
      • ICP=40 Table lookup
      • ICP=41 User-Defined capillary pressure function
    • ☑️C: ADDITIONAL PROGRAM OPTIONS
    • ☑️D: DESCRIPTION OF FRACTURED FLOW
      • Multiple Continuum Approaches
      • Active Fracture Modle
Powered by GitBook
On this page
  1. PREPARATION OF MODEL INPUT
  2. Keywords and Input Data

WELLB

WELLB provides data for wellbore simulation using drift model.

Record WELLB.1

Free format for 7 parameters

solidFrac, MaxC0, ku, WellFrac, Epson, sg1, bhExchange (Apply to all well sections)

SolidFrac Solid fraction (only used if one wants to increase thermal stability of wellbore cells by including a skin of rock around wellbore or a core of solid inside an annular tunnel in calculation of energy balance but not invoke the usage of the x material). This solid fraction would not affect anything else (e.g., the volume of wellbore cell in fluid flow calculation).

MaxC0 the maximum value of the profile parameter (Cmax).

ku critical Kutateladze number.

WellFrac wellbore fraction in the model grid (default is 1.0, must be <=1.0).

Epson roughness parameter of the well wall.

Sg1 parameter.

btExch borehole heat exchange with surrounding rocks, TRUE or FALSE. If it is TRUE, the input of HeatExch (see WELLB.2.1) for all well sections will be neglected.

Record WELLB.2.1 (optional)

Free format for multiple parameters

ActionWord, para_1, ......, para_n

ActionWord a string which can be a rock name, "GEOTH", "REGFX", "OFFMA", or "FREEE".

(1) If ActionWord is a rock name, parameters for specific well section defined by this rock will be inputted. The parameters are:

RockName, roughness, perforationF, CSArea, surFMulti, outdiam, perimeter, HeatExch

roughness roughness parameter of the well wall at this well section.

perforationF perforation (screen) fraction at this well section.

CSArea cross-section area at this well section.

surFMulti multipler for side surface area describing nozal effect for "x" type well at this section.

outdiam if >0.0 indicating this rock represents a wellbore annulus section; the outdiam value is the outside diameter of the annulus section.

perimeter User-specified perimeter of the pipe, used to account for the additional pressure loss due to complicated geometry (e.g., elbow, joint, and other non-straight pipe) by assigning a larger value. If omitted, the default perimeter (calculated based on the grid) will be used.

HeatExch if HeatExch>0.0, the heat exchange between the well and surrounding rocks at this wellbore section will be turn on. If HeatExch<=0.0, it will be turn off (default).

(2) If ActionWord is "GEOTH", parameters for calculation of the initial temperatures in the model domain will be inputted. The parameters are:

GEOTH, GrToAll, ref_temp, ref_elev1, T_grad1 , ref_elev2, T_grad2, ......

GrToAll indicator for geothermal gradients applying range, =0 apply to well elements only, >0 apply to all model elements.

ref_temp reference temperature at the elevation ref_elev1.

ref_elev1 the lowest reference elevation level.

T_grad1 temperature gradient at the elevation ref_elev1

ref_elev2 the second reference elevation level.

T_grad2 temperature gradient at the elevation ref_elev2

As many as 4 reference elevations and temperature gradients can be inputted.

(3) If ActionWord is "REGFX", parameters for assigning known mass flow rate to a well face will be inputted. The parameters are:

REGFX, FaceName, iniTarget, TransTime, endTarget, maxTarget, Nsteps

FaceName the name of a well face that the mass flow rate will apply to. It must be identical to the connection name of two elements in the wellbore.

iniTarget the mass flow rate at time 0, a negative value indicates flow from Cell 1 to Cell 2 (kg/s).

TransTime end time of flow rate transition period (s).

maxTarget total mass flow rate at the end of transition period (kg/s).

endTarget total mass flow rate for the time after transition period (kg/s).

Nsteps number of tabular flow rate

If Nsteps>0, additonal Nsteps data records are required.

Record WELLB.2.2 (required only when Nsteps>0)

rcTime, flowRate

rcTime time for mass flow rate change (s).

flowRate flow rate at the time rcTime (kg/s).

Repeat data record WELLB.2.2 Nsteps times.

(4) If ActionWord is "OFFMA", input of a list of connections which link a well branch away from the main wellbore. The maximum number of connections for the list is 10.

OFFMA, connection1, connection2, ...... , connection10

connectionN connection name of two wellbore elements. it must be one of the connections defined in the "CONNE" data section in MESH file.

(5) If ActionWord is "FREEE", input of a list of free-end well elements whose density or saturation does not count for spatial average. The maximum number of elements for the list is 10.

FREEE, element1, element2, ...... , element10

elementN name of an end element of a well or tube. it must be one of the elements defined in the "ELEME" data section in MESH file.

Used in: All EOS modules

Example

WELLB

0.0, 1.2, 1.53, 1.0, 0.046e-3, , true //solidfac, maxc0, ku, wellfraction, Epson, , btExch

PreviousTRACRNextInputs for Initial Conditions

Last updated 2 days ago

RockName the rock name for a well section to which the following 7 parameters will be applied to. The rock must be defined in the keyword "" for a well section.

8️⃣
ROCKS