TOUGH4 User Manual
  • Quick Entry to Keywords for Data Input
  • 1️⃣INTRODUCTION
    • About TOUGH
    • TOUGH Development History
    • TOUGH4 Implementation
    • Scope and Methodology
  • 2️⃣WHAT IS NEW IN TOUGH4
  • 3️⃣CODE COMPILATION AND INSTALLATION
    • Setup for Compilation
    • Code Compilation
      • 1. Compilation of TOUGH4 using Visual Studio
      • 2. Compilation of TOUGH4 on Linux-like platform
    • Installation
    • Running the Executable for Simulations
  • 4️⃣GOVERNING EQUATIONS
    • Mass-Balance Equation
    • Accumulation Terms
    • Flux Terms
    • Sink and Source Terms
    • Virtual Node Well Treatment
    • Semi-Analytical Conductive Heat Exchange
    • Drift Model
    • Non-Darcy Flow
  • 5️⃣NUMERICAL METHOD
    • Space and Time Discretization
    • Interface Weighting Schemes
    • Initial and Boundary Conditions
      • Initial Conditions and Restarting
      • Neumann Boundary Conditions
      • Dirichlet Boundary Conditions
      • Atmospheric Boundary Conditions
      • Constant Temperature Boundary Conditions
    • Parallel computing schemes
    • Linear Solvers
    • Python Functions
      • Relative Permeability
      • Capillary Pressure
      • Initial Condition Calculation
      • Fetching Output Data
      • Fetching Thermophysical Property Data From NIST Webbook
      • Coupling With Third-Party Software
  • 6️⃣SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE
    • Program Design
    • Data Structure
    • Linear Equation Setup
  • 7️⃣PROCESS MODELING
    • EOS1
    • EOS2
    • EOS3
    • EOS4
    • EOS6
    • EOS7
    • EOS9
    • ECO2
    • EWASG
    • TMVOC
    • Tracers/Decay Chain
    • Biodegradation Reaction
    • Wellbore Flow
    • Non-Darcy Flow
    • Enhanced Coal Bed Methane
  • 8️⃣PREPARATION OF MODEL INPUT
    • Input Formatting
    • Keywords and Input Data
      • TITLE
      • BIODG
      • CBMDA
      • CHEMP
      • COFT
      • CONNE
      • COUPL
      • DIFFU
      • ELEME
      • ENDCY
      • ENDFI
      • FLAC
      • FNIST
      • FOFT
      • FORCH
      • GASES
      • GENER
      • GOFT
      • HYSTE
      • INCON
      • INDOM
      • MESHM
      • MODDE
      • MOMOP
      • MULTI
      • OUTPU
      • PARAM
      • ROCKS
      • ROFT
      • RPCAP
      • SELEC
      • SOLVR
      • SPAVA
      • TIMBC
      • TIMES
      • TRACR
      • WELLB
    • Inputs for Initial Conditions
      • EOS1
      • EOS2
      • EOS3
      • EOS4
      • EOS6
      • EOS7
      • EOS9
      • ECO2
      • EWASG
      • TMVOC
    • Geometry Data
      • General Concepts
      • MESHMaker
      • Multiple-continuum processing
    • Inputs for MESHMaker
      • Generation of radially symmetric grids
        • RADII
        • EQUID
        • LOGAR
        • LAYER
      • Generation of rectilinear grids
      • MINC processing for fractured media
    • Adjustment of Computing Parameters at Run-time
  • 9️⃣OUTPUTS
  • 🔟VALIDATION AND APPLICATION EXAMPLES
    • EOS1
      • Problem 1 - Code Demonstration
      • Problem 2 - Heat Sweep in a Vertical Fracture (rvf)
      • Problem 3 - Five-spot Geothermal Production/Injection (rfp)
      • Problem 4 - Coupled Wellbore Flow (r1q)
      • Problem 5 - Five-Spot Geothermal Production/Injection under extremely high temperature
    • EOS2
      • Problem 1 -Five-spot Geothermal Production/Injection (rfp)
    • EOS3
      • Problem 1 - Code Demonstration (eos3p1)
      • Problem 2 - 1D TH Problem with Heating and Gas Source (by Guanlong Guo)
      • Problem 3 - Heat Pipe in Cylindrical Geometry (rhp)
      • Problem 4 - 3D Thermal Consolidation Test, Coupling with FLAC3D Simulator (by Guanlong Guo)
    • EOS4
      • Problem 1 - Code Demonstration (eos4p1)
      • Problem 2 - Heat Pipe in Cylindrical Geometry (rhp)
    • EOS6
      • Problem 1-Validation with EOS2
      • Problem 2-Noble Gas Transport
    • EOS7
      • Problem 1-Multiphase and Nonisothermal Processes in a System with Variable Salinity (rf1)
      • Problem 2-Thermal and Tracer Diffusion (EOS7R/rdif7)
      • Problem 3-Contamination of an Aquifer from VOC Vapors in the Vadose Zone (EOS7R/rdica)
      • Problem 4-Density, Viscosity, Solubility, and Enthalpy of Real Gas Mixtures (EOS7C/SAM7C1)
      • Problem 5-CO2 Injection into a Depleted Gas Reservoir (EOS7C2/SAM7C2)
      • Problem 6- CO2 Injection into a Saturated System (EOS7C/SAM7C3)
      • Problem 7-Density, Viscosity, and Enthalpy of Real Gas Mixtures (EOS7CA/SAM7CA1)
      • Problem 8-CO2 Injection into a Shallow Vadose Zone (EOS7CA/SAM7CA2)
      • Problem 9-Non-Isothermal Compressed Air Energy Storage in Reservoir (by Julien Mouli-Castillo)
    • EOS9
      • Page 1
    • ECO2
      • Problem 1-Demonstration of Initialization Options (ECO2N/rtab)
      • Problem 2-Radial Flow from a CO2 Injection Well (ECO2N/rcc3)
      • Problem 3-CO2 Discharge Along a Fault Zone (ECO2N/r1dv)
      • Problem 4-CO2 Injection into a 2-D Layered Brine Formation (ECO2N/rtp7)
      • Problem 5-Upflow of CO2 along a Deep Fault Zone (ECO2M/r1d)
      • Problem 6-Migration of a CO2 Plume in a Sloping Aquifer, Intersected by a Fault (ECO2M/rwaf)
      • Problem 7-GCS/GHE with a double-porosity reservoir (Case6_50kg_DP/ECO2NV2)
    • EWASG
      • Problem 1 - Brine Density Calculation (dnh)
      • Problem 2 - Production from a Geothermal Reservoir with Hypersaline Brine and CO2 (rhbc)
    • TMVOC
      • Problem 1-Initialization of Different Phase Conditions (r7c)
      • Problem 2-1-D Buckley-Leverett Flow (rblm)
      • Problem 3-Diffusion of components (rdif2)
      • Problem 4-Steam Displacement of a NAPL in a Laboratory Column (rtcem)
      • Problem 5-Steam Displacement of a Benzene-Toluene Mixture in a Laboratory Column (rbt)
      • Problem 6 -Air Displacement of a NAPL from a Laboratory Column (rad)
      • Problem 7-NAPL Spill in the Unsaturated Zone (r2dl)
    • T4.Well
      • Problem 1-Steady-state two-phase flow upward
      • Problem 2-Non-isothermal CO2 flow through a wellbore initially full of water
  • CONCLUSION REMARKS
  • REFERENCES
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • Appendix
    • ☑️A: RELATIVE PERMEABILITY FUNCTIONS
      • IRP=1 Linear function
      • IRP=2 Power function
      • IRP=3 Corey's curves
      • IRP=4 Grant's curve
      • IRP=5 Perfectly mobile
      • IRP=6 Fatt and Klikoff function
      • IRP=7 van Genuchten-Mualem Model
      • IRP=8 Verma function
      • IRP=10 Modified Brooks-Corey Model
      • IRP=11 Modified van Genuchten Model
      • IRP=12 Regular hysteresis
      • IRP=13 Simple hysteresis
      • IRP=31 Three phase perfectly mobile
      • IRP=32 Modified Stone's first 3-phase method
      • IRP=33 Three-phase Parker's function
      • IRP=34 Alternative Stone 3-phase
      • IRP=35 Power-law function
      • IRP=36 Faust for two-phase Buckley-Leverett problem
      • IRP=37 Another alternative to Stone function
      • IRP=40 Table lookup
      • IRP=41 User-Defined relative permeability function
    • ☑️B: CAPILLARY PRESSURE FUNCTIONS
      • ICP=1 Linear function
      • ICP=2 Function of Pickens
      • ICP=3 TRUST capillary pressure
      • ICP=4 Milly’s function
      • ICP=6 Leverett’s function
      • ICP=7 van Genuchten function
      • ICP=8 No capillary pressure
      • ICP=10 Modified Brooks-Corey Model
      • ICP=11 Modified van Genuchten Model
      • ICP=12 Regular hysteresis
      • ICP=13 Simple hysteresis
      • ICP=31 Parker et al 3-phase function
      • ICP=32 Parker 3-phase function, alternative 1
      • ICP=33 Parker 3-phase function, alternative 2
      • ICP=34 Parker 3-phase function, alternative 3
      • ICP=40 Table lookup
      • ICP=41 User-Defined capillary pressure function
    • ☑️C: ADDITIONAL PROGRAM OPTIONS
    • ☑️D: DESCRIPTION OF FRACTURED FLOW
      • Multiple Continuum Approaches
      • Active Fracture Modle
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  1. VALIDATION AND APPLICATION EXAMPLES
  2. EOS1

Problem 3 - Five-spot Geothermal Production/Injection (rfp)

PreviousProblem 2 - Heat Sweep in a Vertical Fracture (rvf)NextProblem 4 - Coupled Wellbore Flow (r1q)

Last updated 7 months ago

This example is from , sample 3 (rfp). The problem considers a large well field with wells arranged in a “five-spot” configuration (Figure 10-2). Because of symmetry only 1/8 of the basic pattern needs to be modeled. The grid has six rows, each containing between one and eleven elements, for a total of thirty-six volume elements; for simplicity, only a single layer of 305 m thickness is modeled. The problem specifications as given in Table 10-1 correspond to conditions that may typically be encountered in deeper zones of hot and fairly tight fractured two-phase reservoirs (Pruess and Narasimhan, 1985).

Table 10-1 Parameters for five-spot problem

Rock grain density

Specific heat

1000 J/kg˚C

Heat conductivity

2.1 W/m˚C

Permeable volume fraction

2%

Porosity in permeable domain

50%

Impermeable blocks: cubes with side length

50m, 250 m

Permeability

Thickness

305 m

Relative permeability: Corey curves

irreducible liquid saturation

0.30

irreducible gas saturation

0.05

Initial Conditions

Temperature

300 ˚C

Liquid saturation

0.99

Pressure

85.93 bar

Production/Injection

Pattern area

Distance between producers and injectors

707.1 m

Production rate (for full well)

30 kg/s

Injection rate (for full well)

30 kg/s

Injection enthalpy

500 kJ/kg

Followings are the simulation input files and output files:

2650

6.0x

1

The simulations were run in effective porous medium and MINC conceptual model. Details can be found in . This example was modified to demonstrate the simulation of transport of tracers. Two synthetic decay chain tracers tr1 and tr2 were included in the model. tr1 is injected together with the injection of water. It decays with a product of tr2. Additional input for definition of tracers through the keyword "" is needed for this simulation.

Effective porous medium model:

MINC model:

Tracer model:

🔟
kg/m3kg/m^{3}kg/m3
10−15m210^{-15}m^{2}10−15m2
km2km^{2}km2
EOS1 manual
TRACR
Input files
output files
Input files
output files
Input files
output Files
EOS1 manual
Figure 10-2 Five-spot well pattern with grid for modeling a 1/8 symmetry domain.